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Census 2011 Highlights
Comprehensive analysis of India's 15th National Census (2011), detailing national and UP-specific population size, growth, density, literacy, sex ratio, and SC/ST demographics.
1. National Demographic Profile
The 15th Census of India was conducted in 2011 under C. Chandramouli as Census Commissioner. It was divided into two phases: House Listing and Housing Census, followed by Population Enumeration.
Total Population: 121,08,54,977 (121.08 crores), consisting of 51.54% males and 48.46% females.Decadal Growth Rate: 17.7% (compared to 21.5% in 1991-2001).Urban-Rural Breakup: Rural population is 68.84% (83.37 crores) and Urban population is 31.16% (37.71 crores).Least Populous State: Sikkim (6.1 lakh).Least Populous UT: Lakshadweep (64,473).
2. National Density, Urbanisation & Literacy
National statistics reflect rapid urbanization and improvements in literacy, though gender and regional disparities remain.
Density (Persons/km²): India's average density is 382. States: Bihar (1106) and West Bengal (1028) are highest. Arunachal Pradesh (17) is lowest.Literacy: Kerala (94.0%) and Mizoram (91.3%) lead. Bihar (61.8%) and Rajasthan (66.1%) have the lowest rates. Female literacy is lowest in Bihar (51.5%) and Rajasthan (52.1%).Urbanisation: Goa is the most urbanized state by percentage (62.2%), whereas Himachal Pradesh is the most rural (90.0%). Maharashtra has the largest absolute urban population (5.08 crores).
3. Uttar Pradesh Census 2011 Special (Part 1 - General)
UP has the largest population among all states in India. It is a highly tested subject area in RO/ARO exams.
Total Population: 19,98,12,341 (19.98 crores), accounting for 16.51% of India's population. If UP were a country, it would be the 5th most populous country in the world.Decadal Growth Rate: 20.23% (higher than the national average of 17.7%).Population Density: 829 persons per sq km (ranked 9th among states).Sex Ratio: 912 females per 1000 males (national average is 943).Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years): 902 (national average is 919). This is a drop from 916 in 2001.Literacy Rate: 67.68% (Male: 77.28%, Female: 57.18%). The gap between male and female literacy is exactly 20.1%.
4. Uttar Pradesh Census 2011 Special (Part 2 - District-wise Rankings)
RO/ARO exams frequently ask for the highest and lowest ranking districts in UP for various parameters:
Parameter
Highest District(s)
Lowest District(s)
Population Prayagraj (59.5 lakh), Moradabad, Ghaziabad
Mahoba (8.7 lakh), Chitrakoot, Hamirpur
Density (persons/km²) Ghaziabad (3971), Varanasi (2395), Lucknow (1816)
Lalitpur (242), Sonbhadra (270), Hamirpur (275)
Literacy Rate Gautam Buddha Nagar (80.12%), Kanpur Nagar, Auraiya
Shravasti (46.74%), Bahraich (49.4%), Balrampur (49.5%)
Sex Ratio Jaunpur (1024), Azamgarh (1019), Deoria (1017)
Gautam Buddha Nagar (851), Hamirpur/Baghpat (861)
Child Sex Ratio Balrampur (950), Siddharthnagar (925)
Baghpat (841), Gautam Buddha Nagar (843)
5. SC & ST Demographics (National & UP)
Marginalized population statistics are critical for competitive exams:
National SC Population: 16.6% of India. Punjab has the highest percentage (31.9%). UP has the largest absolute SC population (4.13 crores).National ST Population: 8.6% of India. Lakshadweep (94.8%) and Mizoram (94.4%) are highest. MP has the largest absolute ST population (1.53 crores).UP SC Population: 20.69% of UP's total population (4.13 crores). Sitapur district has the highest absolute SC population, while Kaushambi has the highest percentage of SC (34.72%). Baghpat has the lowest.UP ST Population: Only 0.57% of UP's total population (11.34 lakh). Sonbhadra district has the highest absolute ST population and highest percentage (20.67%). Baghpat has the lowest.
Evolution of Census in India
1872 — First Census : First non-synchronous population census conducted under the Viceroyalty of Lord Mayo.1881 — First Synchronous Census : First synchronous, decadal census conducted under Lord Ripon. Since then, it is held every ten years.1921 — The Great Divide : The only census year showing a negative population growth rate (-0.31%) due to influenza epidemic and famine.1951 — First Post-Independence Census : Conducted under the Census Act of 1948. India's population stood at 36.1 crores.2011 — 15th Census of India : Conducted with the motto 'Our Census, Our Future' under C. Chandramouli as Census Commissioner.
Key Questions & Answers
What is the overall literacy rate of India in Census 2011? 73.0% (Male literacy is 80.9% , and Female literacy is 64.6% ).
What is the literacy rate of Uttar Pradesh in Census 2011? 67.68% (approx 67.7%) . Male literacy is 77.28% and Female literacy is 57.18% . The gender gap is exactly 20.1%.
Which district of UP has the highest and lowest sex ratio? Highest: Jaunpur (1024). Lowest: Gautam Buddha Nagar (851).
Which Indian states/UTs have NO Scheduled Tribe (ST) population? Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, and Puducherry have zero Scheduled Tribe population.
Memory Aids
Mnemonic 1: Top 3 Most Populous States : Recalls the order of states by highest population: 1. U — Uttar Pradesh (19.98 crores) 2. M — Maharashtra (11.23 crores) 3. B — Bihar (10.40 crores)Mnemonic 2: Top 3 States with Highest Population Density : Recalls the order of states by density: • B — Bihar (1106 persons/sq km) • W — West Bengal (1028 persons/sq km) • K — Kerala (860 persons/sq km)Mnemonic 3: UP District Rankings (Literacy, Sex Ratio, Density) : Recalls the highest-ranking districts in UP for each key parameter: • G — Gautam Buddha Nagar (Highest Literacy: 80.12%) • P — Prayagraj (Highest Population: 59.5 lakh) • G — Ghaziabad (Highest Density: 3971 persons/sq km)
Common Exam Traps
Trap 1: Confusing the highest density state with the highest density UT. The highest density state is Bihar (1106), but the highest density UT is Delhi (11,320 persons/sq km).
Trap 2: Believing Haryana has the lowest child sex ratio (0-6 years) among all units. Haryana is lowest (834) among states , but Daman & Diu has the lowest child sex ratio (610) among all UTs.
Trap 3: Confusing UP's general sex ratio with its child sex ratio. UP's general sex ratio is 912 , whereas its child sex ratio (0-6 years) is 902 .
Trap 4: Assuming Sonbhadra is only highest in ST population. Sonbhadra has both the highest absolute number AND the highest percentage of Scheduled Tribes (ST) in Uttar Pradesh.
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